The chip path
A passport carries an NFC chip signed by the issuing state. The app reads the chip, the signature chain is verified to a national CSCA root, and the face is taken from the chip’s own signed data server-side and matched against the live selfie. The trust store holds 588 certificates from 112 countries and resolves fully offline — no network, no CRL, no OCSP. A chip whose issuer is not in the store is refused.
The chip path is the passport path.
It is not available on every document a person might hand you. An Israeli ID card chip is government-locked and cannot be read at all, so every Israeli ID card verification is a photo-only verification and lands on the capture path below. We would rather you learn that here than in the pilot.